A sodium blood test is used to measure the sodium content in the blood. It is an electrolyte. These are electrically charged minerals. Sodium helps to control the proportion of fluid and maintains a vital pH balance in the body. It does this by maintaining the levels of acid and base in the body. High levels [hypernatremia] or low levels [hyponatremia] of sodium in the blood may be a sign of inefficient functioning of the bodily systems.
Thus, it helps in the proper working of nerves and muscles in the body.
Under ideal conditions, your body will maintain the levels of sodium in a narrow range. But if the levels are too high or low, it might indicate a kidney problem, dehydration, or perhaps another medical anomaly.
Reasons for Undergoing the Sodium Test
The sodium blood test, also known as the serum sodium test, is a crucial diagnostic tool that provides valuable insights into your body's fluid and electrolyte balance. There are several reasons why your healthcare provider might recommend this test:
- To monitor fluid balance and electrolyte levels in the body, which is essential for maintaining proper bodily functions
- After consuming large or small amounts of salt or fluid, to assess the impact on sodium test results
- Following surgery, injury, or serious illness, to monitor patients' sodium levels
- To monitor the effects of medications that can influence sodium levels, such as diuretics, corticosteroids, and NSAIDs
- To diagnose and manage conditions affecting sodium levels, such as hypernatremia (high sodium levels) and hyponatremia (low sodium levels)
- As part of a basic metabolic panel (BMP) or comprehensive metabolic panel (CMP) to provide a comprehensive view of the body's metabolic status
List of Parameters Considered During the Sodium Test
The sodium test specifically focuses on measuring the concentration of sodium ions in the blood serum. The primary parameter assessed in this test is:
- Sodium (Na+): This is the main parameter measured in the serum sodium test. Sodium is the major extracellular cation and plays a vital role in maintaining fluid distribution and osmotic pressure in the body. The normal range for blood sodium levels is typically between 135 to 145 milliequivalents per liter (mEq/L).